Carbon Materials and Their Modified Materials for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes : A Comprehensive Review

As a negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), carbon has a higher cycle life and higher safety. However, it has poor electrical conductivity, low charging and discharging platform, and poor stability of layered structure. Some carbon materials are complicated to make such as synthetic graphene, and the shape is difficult to control. Metal materials have good electrical conductivity, but due to the rapid volume expansion of lithium ions during the cycle of insertion and extraction, the electrodes are extremely quickly crushed and accompanied by extremely rapid capacity decay. Scholars have combined the advantages of carbon and metal materials to create a new type of carbon-based composite material. This article outlines the use of carbon based composite materials as lithium-ion electrodes to improve battery performance.