Diversity Order and Measure of MIMO Antennas in Single-User, Multi-User and Massive MIMO Wireless Communications

 In this paper, the diversity order (DO) and the diversity measure (DM) of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas in generic single-user, multi-user and massive MIMO wireless communications are calculated for several practical case studies. These performance metrics are calculated from the antenna correlation coefficient (ACC) matrix. The DO is calculated from the rank of the ACC matrix, and the DM is obtained from the trace and Frobenius norm of the ACC matrix. Numerical results are provided. In particular, it is shown that though the DM is always less than the DO, it incorporates the effect of antenna correlation on the diversity gain in a better way.  (This paper has been submitted to  IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters )