Influence of channel fading and capture for performance evaluation in vehicular communications

Autonomy and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have recently shown an increased interest in vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs). Additionally, the impending 5G and 6G technologies will result in substantial advancements for VANETs. IEEE 802.11p summarizes specifications of physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers for VANETs. Existing analytical methodologies require improvement despite the fact that performance assessments of IEEE 802.11p MAC have been carried out. Bit error and channel capture influence performance of vehicular communications in real-world transmission. These effects are investigated separately in previous works. In this paper, an extensive study is provided which integrates these two major factors. In VANETs, the influence of channel fading and capture on IEEE 802.11p is investigated analytically using a Markov chain model. For Nakagami-m, Rayleigh, and Rician fading channels, performance impacting factors are taken into account, and relationships between parameters as well as performance metrics are derived. The probability of unsuccessful and successful transmission, outage probability, probability of frame capture, throughput, bit error rate, and delay terms are attained. Moreover, simulation results are provided which verify analytical studies.