Modeling Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Interactions of Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

Interactions of cells via the extracellular vesicles (EVs), manipulate various actions including cancer initiation and progression, inflammation, anti-tumor signaling and cells migration, proliferation and apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment. EVs as the external stimulus can activate or inhibit some receptor pathways in a way that amplify or attenuate a kind of particle release at target cells. This also could be carried out in a biological feedback-loop where the transmitter is affected by the induced release initiated by the target cell due to the EVs received from the donor cell, to create a bilateral process. In this paper, at first we derive the frequency response of internalization function in the framework of a unilateral communication link. This solution is adapted to a closed-loop system to find the frequency response of a bilateral system. The cells overall release as the combination of the natural release and the induced release are reported at the end of this paper and the results are compared in terms of cells distance and reaction rates of EVs on the cell membranes.