An investigation of cyber-attacks and security mechanisms for connected
and autonomous vehicles
Abstract
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can fulfill the emerging demand
for smart transportation on a global scale. Such innovations for
transportation can bring manyfold benefits from fully autonomous driving
services to proactive vehicle monitoring and traffic management.
However, given the complexity involved in the deployment of CAVs,
zero-tolerance safety, and security measures must be incorporated to
avert vehicle immobilization, road accidents, disclosure of sensitive
data, or any potential threats. In this article, we present a reference
architecture of CAVs to investigate existing and emerging cyber threats
and thus, derive a common attack taxonomy for a CAVs ecosystem based on
our studies of academic literature and industry white papers. After
that, we discuss security mechanisms for the CAVs ecosystem that can be
useful for the safe and secure transportation of passengers from one
destination to another. Our work can provide insights to security
engineers and system architects for investigating security problems
using a top-to-bottom approach and subsequently, identifying optimal
security solutions for CAVs.