Abstract
The connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) applications and
services-based traffic make an extra burden on the already congested
cellular networks. Offloading is envisioned as a promising solution to
tackle cellular networks’ traffic explosion problem. Notably, vehicular
traffic offloading leveraging different vehicular communication network
(VCN) modes is one of the potential techniques to address the data
traffic problem in cellular networks. This paper surveys the
state-of-the-art literature for vehicular data offloading under a
communication perspective, i.e., vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle
to roadside infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle to everything (V2X).
First, we pinpoint the significant classification of vehicular
data/traffic offloading techniques, considering whether data is to
download or upload. Next, for better intuition of each data offloading’s
category, we sub-classify the existing schemes based on their
objectives. Then, the existing literature on vehicular data/traffic is
elaborated, compared, and analyzed based on approaches, objectives,
merits, demerits, etc. Finally, we highlight the open research
challenges in this field and predict future research trends.