Abstract
The most conventional approaches to find axion-like particles (ALP) or
notably axions typically lies on their coupling with photons. However,
if the coupling is extremely weak then there is a chance that they
decouple themselves from the standard model physics and becomes
invisible which are a source of stochastic gravitational waves at the
epoch of the early universe formation, solving the riddle of the axion
origin mystery and the origin of weak gravitational waves. Having the
axion decay constant rates as 𝑓≥1016−1+1GeV, the axion signals which can
be detected by either ground/space based observatories or pulsar timing
arrays shows a broad space parameter of axion mass thus helping to probe
the exis-tents of invisible axions originating in the early universe.
The ALP or axions generally couple to a dark gauge bosons which at the
onset of oscillations produces tachyonic instabilities that increases
the visible parameter for the ALP or axion dark matters. The quantum
fluctuations that arises and getting amplified by the strong coupling of
axion/ALP to dark boson modes sources chiral gravitational waves (GWs).
The accurate spectrum of these GWs have been calculated from the U(1)
gauge fields pro-duced by axion dark matters. The explosive outbursts of
gauge fields indicates the advantage of non-linear data analysis over
linear modes to calculate the exact GWs spectrums. The ground/space
based interferometers and pulsar timing arrays have the ability to probe
the bottom up approach of the axions, in the weakly coupled regime which
otherwise remains unconstrained. Further, it has been discussed the
kinetic mixing mechanism and the dark gauge photon mass over the
insensitivity of the couplings to standard model fields. The ALP
scenarios or realistic axions may provide us useful infor-mations about
the signal templates of the early universe, as well as useful datas for
GW experiments. Throughout the paper we will assume the axion field
being homogeneous the equations of motions for the gauge boson modes
depend on the parametric valued scales 𝑘 =𝑘.