Abstract
We describe a general framework for the modeling and analysis of
Markovian quantum antenna systems viewed as a special problem in quantum
stochastic dynamics. The quantum radiator, which can be used to
spatially direct radiated quantum states in future quantum communication
systems, is modeled as an open quantum system capable of controlling the
composition of its radiation modes through external source manipulations
while in continuous interaction with the surrounding thermal and random
environment. Our analysis and computational method are based on
deploying the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) master
equation to account for environment-induced jump processes such as
quantum dissipation and decoherence. We construct a definition of the
quantum antenna directivity inspired by the corresponding formulas in
classical antenna theory and use the GKSL formalism to derive several
versions of the quantum directivity formula. As a computational example,
we study the flow of the density operator of a coupled two-level quantum
dot (qubit) array, excited by classical external signals with variable
amplitude and phase, which is evolved in time using the quantum
Liouville-type equation (the master equation). It is shown that by
manipulating the amplitude and phase excitations of individual quantum
dots, one may significantly enhance the directive radiation properties
of the Markovian quantum antenna system.