Accurate and inexpensive spectral estimation can enable more diverse applications of multispectral sensing where the light source spectrum plays a vital role. Optimizing the sensor sensitivities for the commercially available electric light source can allow manufacturers to improve the accuracy of sensing systems. Although the spectral optimization of three sensors resulted in small spectral matching errors, it is possible to increase the accuracy even further by using more sensors or changing optimization parameters.
4. References
[1] F. H. Imai, M. R. Rosen, and R. S. Berns, ”Comparative study of metrics for spectral match quality,” in Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision , Vol. 2002, No. 1, (Society for Imaging Science and Technology, New York, 2002), pp. 492-496.
[2] A. Pelagotti, A. Del Mastio, A. De Rosa, and A. Piva, ”Multispectral imaging of paintings,” IEEE Signal Process. Mag.25 , 4, 27-36 (2008).
[3] H. Liang, ”Advances in multispectral and hyperspectral imaging for archaeology and art conservation,” Appl. Phys. A 106 , 2, 309-323, (2012).
[4] N. Tsumura, Y. Miyake, and F. H. Imai, ”Medical Vision: measurement of skin absolute spectral-reflectance image and the application to component analysis,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Multispectral Color Science (MCS’01, 2001) pp. 25-28.
[5] R. Lu and Y. Peng, ”Development of a multispectral imaging prototype for real-time detection of apple fruit firmness,” Opt. Eng.46 , 12, 123201 (2007).
[6] W. Yang, D. Zhao, Q. Huang, P. Ren, J. Feng, and X. Zhang, ”Classification of emerald based on multispectral image and PCA,” inElectronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology IV , Vol. 5637, (International Society for Optics and Photonics, China, 2005), pp. 684-693.
[7] D. Durmus and W. Davis, ”Optimising light source spectrum for object reflectance,” Opt. Express 23 , 11, A456-A464 (2015).
[8] M. J. Vrhel, H. J. Trusell, and J. Bosch, ”Design and realization of optimal color filters for multi-illuminant color correction,” J. Electron. Imaging 4, 1, 6-15 (1995).
[9] J. P. S. Parkkinen, J. Hallikainen, T. Jaaskelainen, ”Characteristic spectra of Munsell colors,” JOSA A 6 , 2, 318-322 (1989).
[10] J. J. Michalsky, ”Estimation of continuous solar spectral distributions from discrete filter measurements: II. A demonstration of practicability,” Sol. energy 34 , 6, 439-445 (1985).
[11] J. Hernández-Andrés and J. Romero, ”Colorimetric and spectroradiometric characteristics of narrow-field-of-view clear skylight in Granada, Spain,” JOSA A, 18 , 2, 412-420 (2001).
[12] J. Hernández-Andrés, J. Romero, A. García-Beltrán, and J. L. Nieves, ”Testing linear models on spectral daylight measurements,” Appl. Optics 37 , 6, 971-977 (1998).
[13] M. A. López-Álvarez, J. Hernández-Andrés, J. Romero, F. J., Olmo, A. Cazorla, and L. Alados-Arboledas, ”Using a trichromatic CCD camera for spectral skylight estimation,” Appl. Optics 47 , 34, H31-H38 (2008).
[14] K. J. Gaston, J. Bennie, T. W. Davies, and J. Hopkins, J. ”The ecological impacts of nighttime light pollution: a mechanistic appraisal,” Biol. Rev. 88 , 4, 912-927 (2003).
[15] D. Whitley, ”A genetic algorithm tutorial,” Stat. Comput.4 , 2, 65-85 (1994).
[16] D. Durmus and W. Davis, ”Appearance of Achromatic Colors Under Optimized Light Source Spectrum,” IEEE Photonics J. 10 , 6, 1-11 (2018).
[17] D. Durmus, D. Abdalla, A. Duis, and W. Davis, ”Spectral optimization to minimize light absorbed by artwork,” LEUKOS,16 ,1, 45-54, (2020).
[18] H. Haneishi, T. Hasegawa, N. Tsumura, and Y. Miyake, ”Design of color filters for recording artworks,” in Proc. of IS&T’s 50th Annual Conference, (Boston, 1997), pp. 369-372.
[19] F. H. Imai, R. S. Berns and D. Tzeng, ”A comparative analysis of spectral reflectance estimated in various spaces using a trichromatic camera system,” J. Imaging Sci. Tech. 44 , 4, 280-287 (2000).
[20] T. Chai and R. R. Draxler, ”Root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE)?,” Geosci. Model Dev. 7 , 3, 1525-1534 (2014).