Performance of Integrated Ground-Air-Space FSO Links over Various
Turbulent Environments
Abstract
We analyze the outage probability of integrated ground-air-space
free-space optical (FSO) communication links for different atmospheric
turbulence channel models. The performance of ground to high altitude
platforms (HAPS), HAPS to geostationay Earth orbit (GEO) satellite, HAPS
to HAPS and ground to GEO satellite is investigated for various link
configurations (downlink, horizontal, and uplink) and parameters such as
zenith angle, channel state, horizontal and vertical deviations,
altitude, beam waist, receiver aperture diameter, wind speed, and
visibility. The atmospheric attenuation (the effects of fog, cloud and
volcanic activities), atmospheric turbulence, angle of arrival (AOA)
fluctuations and pointing error are included in the considered model.
Closed-form expressions for the probability density function (PDF) and
cumulative distribution function (CDF) are obtained for Lognormal, Gamma
and exponentiated Weibull distributed channel models. The benefit of
using HAPS is shown by comparison of outage probabilities for direct
ground to GEO satellite and HAPS assisted ground to GEO satellite links.