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Estimating Black Carbon Levels with Proxy Variables and Low-Cost Sensors
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  • Xiaoli Liu ,
  • Francesco Concas ,
  • Naser Hossein Motlagh ,
  • Martha Arbayani Zaidan ,
  • Pak Lun Fung ,
  • Samu Varjonen ,
  • Jarkko Niemi ,
  • Hilkka Timonen ,
  • Tareq Hussein ,
  • Tuukka Petäjä ,
  • Markku Kulmala ,
  • Petteri Nurmi ,
  • Sasu Tarkoma
Xiaoli Liu
University of Helsinki

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Francesco Concas
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Naser Hossein Motlagh
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Martha Arbayani Zaidan
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Pak Lun Fung
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Samu Varjonen
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Jarkko Niemi
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Hilkka Timonen
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Tareq Hussein
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Tuukka Petäjä
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Markku Kulmala
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Petteri Nurmi
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Sasu Tarkoma
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Abstract

We develop a portable and affordable solution for estimating personal exposure to black carbon (BC) using low- cost sensors and machine learning. Our approach uses other pollutants and environmental variables as proxies for estimating the concentrations of BC and combines this with machine learning based sensor calibration to improve the quality of the inputs that are used as proxies in the modeling. We extensively validate the feasibility of our approach and demonstrate its benefits with benchmarks conducted on real world data from two different urban locations with different population densities and characteristics. Our results demonstrate that our approach can accurately estimate BC (R2 higher than 0.9) without relying on a dedicated sensor. The results also highlight how calibration is essential for ensuring accurate modeling on low-cost sensor measurements. Our results offer a novel affordable and portable solution that can be used to estimate personal exposure to BC and, more generally, demonstrate how low-cost sensors and proxy modeling can increase the spatiotemporal scale at which information about BC level is available.