Two-Dimensional Beam-Steering Lens Antenna with Fast Inter-Beam Handover
for PNT and Data Services for Satellite Communications on the Move
Abstract
Aiming for seamless satellite communications on the move (SOTM) between
vehicles and new low-earth orbit satellite constellations, this paper
presents a low-power beam-steering antenna system with a novel beam
handover algorithm. The proposed antenna uses a 3D-printed Luneburg lens
designed with a planar focal surface. The lens is illuminated with a
hexagonal array of circularly polarized elliptical patch antennas
operating at 11.7 to 12.7 GHz and fed with a novel cascaded beamformer
network to achieve a gain of 21.5 (± 0.5) dBi with a total efficiency
> 75% and side lobe levels below 15 dB. A highly efficient
and novel handover algorithm has been developed to achieve a fast
beam-steer of ±55⁰ in both azimuth and elevation planes. The proposed
handover procedure has been demonstrated within an anechoic chamber.
This paper has applications in ensuring a smooth beam-steer while
maintaining uninterrupted connectivity between fast-moving satellites
and vehicles on the road using the proposed antenna.