Phased Array Antennas Quasi-Optical System Leaky-Wave Antennas Metamaterials and Metasurfaces
Bandwidth Wideband Wideband Wideband, but change in beam direction with frequency Narrowband
Implementation Planar design 3D design Planar design Planar design, but if active, requires complicated biasing circuit
Fabrication PCB etching with active elements Additive manufacturing and PCB etching PCB etching PCB etching with large number of active components
Design Complexity Moderate Low Low High
Fabrication Cost Moderate Low Low High
Power Requirements Moderate Low Low High
Beam-Steering Range Moderate Wide Moderate Wide