A Two-Stage 110VAC-to-1VDC Power Delivery Architecture Using Hybrid
Converters for Data Centers and Telecommunication Systems
Abstract
Improving power delivery and management plays a key role in minimizing
the cost of building and operating future green data centers to meet the
fast growth of high-performance computing. Toward this important goal,
this paper presents a new complete power delivery architecture to bridge
AC grid voltages to core levels for computing loads using only 2
conversion stages with new converter topologies. The first stage
converts a commercial AC line voltage of 90V-110V to a 48-60V
intermediate bus with power factor correction (PFC). The second stage
converts the bus voltage to core voltages of ~1 V with
high current density and simple duty cycle control. Individually, the
first stage was measured at 96.1% peak efficiency for output currents
ranging in 0-4.5 A, while the second stage achieved 90.7% peak
efficiency with a load range of 0-220 A at 1 V. Measured peak power
densities are 73 W/in3 for the first stage and 2020 W/in3 for the second
stage. In combination, the direct conversion from a line AC voltage of
~110 VAC to 1 VDC achieves a peak efficiency of 84.1%
while providing output currents up to 160A.