Neural networks play an important role in satellite image classification. We know that the most common neural networks used in image classification tasks are convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In this paper, we explored the influence of the spectral bands in image classification using the Vision Transformer (ViT). Convolution is a local operation, and a convolution layer typically models only the relationships between neighborhood pixels. The transformer is a global operation, and a transformer layer can model the relationships between all pixels. This motivated us to use ViT for satellite image classification. Sentinel-2 EuroSAT image dataset, which consists of 27,000 images in ten classes, is used for the experiment. ViT model is trained with the three-band dataset, Red-Green-Blue (RGB), and compared with ViT model trained with RGB along with Near InfraRed (NIR) and with a multispectral satellite image dataset (13 bands). Experimental results show that the NIR band combined with RGB was able to produce more accurate results than RGB alone, whereas the 13 bands datasets outperformed both RGB and RGB & NIR datasets.

We propose a new model-based testing approach which takes as input a set of requirements described in Arabic Controlled Natural Language (CNL) which is a subset of the Arabic language generated by a specific grammar. The semantics of the considered requirements is defined using the Case Grammar Theory (CTG). The requirements are translated into Transition Relations which serve as an input for test cases generation tools.

This paper proposes an architecture taking advantage of artificial intelligence and text mining techniques in order to: (i) detect paranoid people by classifying their set of tweets into two classes (Paranoid/not-Paranoid), (ii) ensure the surveillance of these people by classifying their tweets about Covid-19 into two classes (person with normal behavior, person with inappropriate behavior). These objectives are achieved using an approach that takes advantage of different information related to the textual part, user and tweets for features selection task and deep neural network for the classification task. We obtained as an F-score rate 70% for the detection of paranoid people and 73% for the detection of the behavior of these people towards Covid-19. The obtained results are motivating and encouraging researchers to improve them given the interest and the importance of this research axis.

In this paper, we explore the use of an attention based mechanism known as Residual Attention for malware detection and compare this with existing CNN based methods and conventional Machine Learning algorithms with the help of GIST features. The proposed method outperformed traditional malware detection methods which use Machine Learning and CNN based Deep Learning algorithms, by demonstrating an accuracy of 99.25%.

This paper deals with an efficient and robust distributed framework for finite state machine coverage in the field model based testing theory. All final states coverage in large-scale automaton is inherently computing-intensive and memory exhausting with impractical time complexity because of an explosion of the number of states. Thus, it is important to propose a faster solution that reduces the time complexity by exploiting big data concept based on Spark RDD computation. To cope with this situation, we propose a parallel and distributed approach based on Spark in-memory design which exploits A* algorithm for optimal coverage. The experiments performed on multi-node cluster prove that the proposed framework achieves significant gain of the computation time.

Web applications (WAs) are constantly evolving and deployed at broad scale. However, they are exposed to a variety of attacks. The biggest challenge facing organizations is how to develop a WA that fulfills their requirements with respect to sensitive data exchange, E-commerce, and secure workflows. This paper identifies the most critical web vulnerabilities according to OWASP Top Ten, their corresponding attacks, and their countermeasures. The application of these countermeasures will guarantee the protection of the WAs against the most severe attacks and prevent several unknown exploits.

The new so-called COVID-19 virus is unfortunately founded to be highly transmissible across the globe. In this study, we propose a novel approach for estimating the spread level of the virus for each country for three different dates between April and May 2020. Unlike previous studies, this investigation does not process any historical data of spread but rather relies on the socio-economic indicators of each country. Actually, more than 1000 socio-economic indicators and more than 190 countries were processed in this study. Concretely, data preprocessing techniques and feature selection approaches were applied to extract relevant indicators for the classification process. Countries around the globe were assigned to 4 classes of spread. To find the class level of each country, many classifiers were proposed based especially on Support Vectors Machines (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and Random Forests (RF). Obtained results show the relevance of our approach since many classifiers succeeded in capturing the spread level, especially the RF classifier, with an F-measure equal to 93.85% for April 15th, 2020. Moreover, a feature importance study is conducted to deduce the best indicators to build robust spread level classifiers. However, as pointed out in the discussion, classifiers may face some difficulties for future dates since the huge increase of cases and the lack of other relevant factors affecting this widespread.

Internet of Things (IoT) is composed of many IoT devices connected throughout the Internet, that collect and share information to represent the environment. IoT is currently restructuring the actual manufacturing to smart manufacturing. However, inherent characteristics of IoT lead to a number of titanic challenges such as decentralization, weak interoperability, security, etc. The artificial intelligence provides opportunities to address IoT’s challenges, e.g the agent technology. This paper presents first an overview of ML and discusses some related work. Then, we briefly present the classic IoT architecture. Then we introduce our proposed Intelligent IoT (IIoT) architecture. We next concentrate on introducing the approach using multi-agent DRL in IIoT. Finally, in this promising field, we outline the open directions of future work.

The emergence of embedded and connected smart technologies, systems, and devices has enabled the concept of smart cities by connecting every “thing’‘ to the Internet and in particular in transportation through the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The main purpose of IoV is to prevent fatal crashes by resolving traffic and road safety problems. Nevertheless, it is paramount to ensure secure and accurate transmission and recording of data in “Vehicle-to-Vehicle’‘ (V2V) and “Vehicle-to-Infrastructure” (V2I) communication. To improve “Vehicle-to-Everything” (V2X) communication, this work uses Blockchain technology for developing a Blockchain-based IoT system aimed at establishing secure communication and developing a fully decentralized cloud computing platform. Moreover, the authors propose a model-based framework to validate the proposed approach. This framework is mainly based on the use of the Attack Trees (AT) and timed automaton (TA) formalisms in order to test the functional, load and security aspects. An optimization phase for testers placement inspired by fog computing is proposed as well.

With the tremendous growth of the internet, cyberspace is facing several threats from the attackers. Threats like spam emails account for 55\% of total emails according to the Symantec monthly threat report. Over time, the attackers moved on to image spam to evade the text-based spam filters. To deal with this, the researchers have several machine learning and deep learning approaches that use various features like metadata, color, shape, texture features. But the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) and transfer learning-based pre-trained CNN models are not explored much for Image spam classification. Therefore, in this work, 2 DCNN models along with few pre-trained ImageNet architectures like VGG19, Xception are trained on 3 different datasets. The effect of employing a Cost-sensitive learning approach to handle data imbalance is also studied. Some of the proposed models in this work achieves an accuracy up to 99\% with zero false positive rate in best case.